| 地下室工程的防水施工 |
| 添加时间：2017/10/26 14:41:32 浏览次数： |
| 对于防空地下室来说，防水质量可以说是工程是否能够达到设计使用功能的决定性因素，任何材料、设计、施工、管理方面的缺陷都会通过渗漏这一特殊的方式表现出来。 In the basement, the waterproof quality can be said to be the decisive factor of whether the project can meet the design function, the defects of any material, design and construction, management will be through the leakage this special form. (一)、砼构件引起的渗漏 (1) leakage caused by concrete components 1、混凝土蜂窝、麻面、露筋、孔洞等造成地下室渗水，主要原因是配合比不准，坍落度过小，长距离运输和自由入模高度过大，造成混凝土离析；局部钢筋密集或预留洞口的下部混凝土无法进入，振捣不实或漏振，跑模漏浆等。针对以上情况对混凝土应严格计量，搅拌均匀，长距离运输后要进行二次搅拌。对于自由入模高度过高者，应使用串桶滑槽，浇筑应按施工方案分层进行，振捣密实。对于钢筋密集处，可调整石子级配，较大的预留洞下，应预留浇筑口。模板应支设牢固，在混凝土浇筑过程中，应指派专人值班“看模”。 1, concrete honeycomb, surface voids, reinforcement and holes caused by water seepage in basement, the main reason is to mix, the slump is too small, long distance transportation and free die height is too large, resulting in lower part of the concrete reinforced concrete segregation; dense or reserved hole can not enter, vibrating false or leak vibration. Run mode leakage. In view of the above situation, concrete should be strictly measured, stirring evenly, long distance transportation after two times stirring. For the high degree of free entry mold, the use of a series of bucket chute, pouring should be layered according to the construction plan, vibrating compaction. For the reinforcement, the gravel gradation can be adjusted, and the pouring hole should be reserved under the larger reserved hole. The formwork should be firmly supported. In the process of concrete pouring, the special person should be assigned to watch the mould on duty". 2、混凝土结构的施工缝也是极易发生渗水的位置，其渗水主要原因为施工缝留设位置不当；施工缝清理不净，新旧混凝土未能很好结合；钢筋过密，混凝土捣实有困难等。防止施工缝部位渗水可采取以下措施：首先施工缝应按规定位置留设，防水薄弱部位及底板上不应留设施工缝，墙板上如必须留设垂直施工缝时，应与变形缝相一致。其次施工缝的留设、清理及新旧混凝土的接浆等应有统一部署，由专人认真细致地做好。还有设计人员在确定钢筋布置位置和墙体厚度时，应考虑方便施工，以保证工程质量。如发现施工缝渗水，可采用防水堵漏技术进行修补。 2 construction of concrete structure, seam is prone to leakage location, the main cause of water seepage for construction joints remaining improper location of construction joints; clean up dirty, not a good combination of new and old concrete; reinforced concrete tamping is too dense, difficult. Construction joints to prevent seepage may take the following measures: first, the construction joint shall be in accordance with position setting, waterproof weak parts and the bottom plate should not leave construction joints, leaving the vertical construction joints such as wallboard must, should be consistent with the deformation joint. Secondly, the construction joints should be set up, cleaned up, and the old and new concrete should be unified deployed, which should be done carefully by the special personnel. There are designers in determining the location of steel reinforcement and wall thickness, should consider the convenience of construction, in order to ensure the quality of the project. If the construction joint seepage is found, the waterproof plugging technology can be used to repair. 3、混凝土裂缝产生渗漏。混凝土裂缝产生的原因很多，可由于干缩、温度、水泥用量过大或水泥安定性不好等因素引起。防水混凝土所用水泥必须经过检测，杜绝使用安定性不合格的产品，混凝土配合比由试验室提供，并严格控制水泥用量。对于地下室底板等厚大体积的混凝土，应遵守大体积混凝土施工的有关规定，严格控制温度差。设计时应综合考虑诸多不利因素，使结构具有足够的安全度，并合理设置变形缝，以适应结构变形。 3, concrete cracks produce leakage. There are many causes of concrete cracks, which can be caused by dry shrinkage, temperature, excessive cement content or poor cement stability. The cement used in waterproof concrete must be tested to prevent the use of unqualified products. The concrete mixture ratio is provided by the laboratory, and the cement dosage is strictly controlled. For the basement slab of equal thickness and large volume of concrete, should comply with the relevant provisions of mass concrete construction, strictly control the temperature difference. Many unfavorable factors should be taken into account in the design, so that the structure has enough safety degree, and the deformation joint should be set reasonably to adapt to the structural deformation. 4、预埋件部位产生渗漏。产生渗漏的原因有预埋件过密，埋件周围混凝土振捣不密实；在混凝土终凝前碰撞预埋件，使预埋件松动；预埋件铁脚过长，穿透混凝土层，又没按规定焊好止水环；预埋管道自身有裂缝、砂眼等疪病，地下水通过管壁渗漏等。为防止预埋件部位产生渗漏，可采取以下方法：预埋件应有固定措施，预埋件密集处应有施工技术措施，预埋件铁脚应按规定焊好止水环。地下室的管线应尽量设计在地下水位以上，穿墙管道一律设置止水套管，管道与套管采用柔性连接。 4, embedded parts leakage. Causes of leakage of the embedded parts are too dense, buried around the concrete vibrating compaction; before the final set of concrete collision embedded parts, make embedded parts loose; embedded iron feet long, penetrating the concrete layer, and not in accordance with the provisions of the welded seal ring; buried pipeline has cracks, trachoma and other disease problems, groundwater through the wall leakage etc.. In order to prevent the leakage location of embedded parts, can take the following methods: embedded parts should be fixed at the proper measures, technical measures for the construction of intensive embedded parts, iron feet shall be embedded parts welding sealing ring. The basement pipeline should be designed above the ground water level, the wall pipe will be equipped with water stop sleeve, and the pipeline and casing will be flexible connection. (二)、防水工程引起的渗漏 (two) leakage caused by waterproofing works 地下室防水，常规设计做法为采用柔性防水材料，连续整体外防水设防施工设计方案。外防水主要防水机理为：在防水的同时，对建筑结构砼进行保护。使其免受地下水的侵蚀，造成对地下室室内的污染，增加其建筑物的耐久性，延长建筑物的使用寿命。 地下室防水一般采用刚柔——复合防水层。即刚性防水材料和柔性高分子防水涂料的有机结合。刚性防水材料与地下室砼结构的牢固有机结合，渗透其内部，堵塞毛细渗水通道，因其同是水泥基材料，自成一体，互溶互补。柔性防水高弹、密封、整体，真正发挥材料自身的特性，充分利用材料各自的互补性能，达到其永久防水的目的。 Basement waterproofing, conventional design practices for the use of flexible waterproof materials, continuous overall waterproof construction design scheme. The main waterproof mechanism of external waterproof is: at the same time of waterproof, the concrete of building structure is protected. It can protect the basement from the pollution of underground water, increase the durability of the building, and prolong the service life of the building. Basement waterproof generally use rigid flexible composite waterproof layer. The organic combination of rigid waterproof material and flexible polymer waterproof coating. Rigid waterproof material and basement concrete structure of the strong organic combination, penetrate its internal, blocking capillary seepage channel, because it is also cement based materials, self integration, mutual complementarity. Flexible waterproof, high elasticity, sealing, integral, give full play to the characteristics of the material itself, make full use of the complementary properties of materials, to achieve the purpose of permanent waterproof. 1、地下室底板防水。在很多的土建工程中，都取消了附加防水层。认为地下室底板较厚，靠砼自身的抗渗防水就行，无需附加防水层，节省了一大笔资金。且不知这样一来，整个地下室底板常年受到地下水的侵蚀，难免有渗漏点，从而由点及面，全面突破，造成很多地下工程遭到弃用。当然，地下室底板有渗漏点，以现有技术，完全可以进行局部堵漏处理，但由于底板受水侵蚀，其寿命缩短这一事实已是无法挽回的了。 根据大量工程的实际经验，底板防水设防，最佳设计为：垫层上设二道三元乙丙卷材或采用焊接的PVC卷材，再在防水层设置隔离保护层，然后再扎钢筋浇筑砼地下室底板。施工时应严格按照规范及设计要求对防水卷材的接缝进行处理。 1. Basement floor waterproof. In many civil engineering projects, the additional waterproof layer is cancelled. It is considered that the basement slab is thick and depends on the impermeability and waterproof of the concrete itself. Without additional waterproof layer, a large amount of money is saved. And I do not know that, the basement floor throughout the year by the erosion of groundwater, it is inevitable leakage point, thus from the point and surface, a comprehensive breakthrough, resulting in a lot of underground projects were abandoned. Of course, the basement floor has leakage point, with the existing technology, it can be completely partial plugging treatment, but because of the floor erosion by water, the fact that the life expectancy is shortened can not be redeemed. According to the practical experience of the project, the floor waterproofing, the best design is: bedding set two three yuan or the coil PVC membrane welding, then isolating protective layer on the waterproof layer is arranged, and then the basement bar reinforced concrete pouring. The joints of waterproof roll should be treated strictly according to the specifications and design requirements. 2、地下室外墙。地下室外墙侧壁防水应与底板的防水整体密封连接，外侧墙上部防水应做至±0.00以下位置，或室外散水以下，或室外地坪以上500mm处。为了方便外墙面的后道工序装饰施工，在室外地坪以上部分不宜采用卷材防水，宜采用聚合物防水材料进行设防。 外墙防 2. Basement wall. The basement side wall and bottom of the whole waterproof waterproof sealing connection, outside wall upper waterproof should be to + 0 position, or outdoor water below or above the outdoor terrace at 500mm. In order to facilitate the decoration of the exterior wall after the construction process, in the outdoor floor above part of the coil waterproof should not be used, polymer waterproof material should be used for fortification. Exterior wall protection |
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