秦皇岛市防水材料厂

One, classification of waterproof Engineering

（一）按设防的部位划分

(1) division according to the fortified position

1、屋面防水；

1. The roof is waterproof;

2、地下防水；

2. Underground waterproofing;

3、室内、厕浴间防水；

3. Waterproof in indoor and toilet bath.

4、外墙防水；外墙立面、坡面、窗台、柱边等。

4, exterior wall waterproof, exterior wall elevation, slope, windowsill, column edge and so on.

5、特殊建（构）筑物防水；如：水塔、游泳池。

5, special construction (structure) building waterproof, such as: water tower, swimming pool.

（二）按设防的方法分类

(two) classification according to fortified methods

1、复合防水。刚柔结合、多道防水、综合治理。

1, compound waterproof. The combination of rigid and flexible, multiple waterproofing and comprehensive treatment.

2、构造自防水。

2. It is constructed from waterproofing.

（三）按设防材料性能分类

(three) classification according to the performance of fortified materials

1、刚性防水。

1, rigid waterproof.

利用砂浆、水泥浆、防水砂浆组成防水层。

The waterproof layer is made up of mortar, cement slurry and waterproof mortar.

2、柔性防水

2, flexible waterproof

（1）卷材防水；将几层卷材用胶结材料粘在结构层上，而构成防水层。常用于屋面、地下防水工程。

(1) waterproofing membrane; several layers of coiled material are glued to the structure layer, and the waterproof layer is formed. It is commonly used in roofing and underground waterproofing.

多用于平屋顶及坡度较小的屋面工程，通常的做法是三粘四油、上面铺设绿豆沙保护层。

Most used for roofing and small sloping roofs, the usual practice is three sticky four oil, and the top of the green bean sand protection layer.

在地下防水工程中，多做三粘四油，为防止卷材层破损，表面要加一层保护层。

In the underground waterproofing project, three more oil and four oil are made. In order to prevent the damage of the coil layer, a layer of protective layer should be added to the surface.

分为三大类：沥青防水卷材、高聚物改性沥青卷材、合成高分子防水卷材。

It is divided into three categories: asphalt waterproof roll, polymer modified bitumen roll, synthetic polymer waterproof roll.

（2）涂膜防水；

(2) waterproofing membrane;

防水涂料主要有：乳化沥青、改性沥青、橡胶、合成树脂等为主要材料。

Waterproofing coatings mainly include emulsified bitumen, modified asphalt, rubber, synthetic resin and so on as the main materials.

施工简单，广泛使用。

The construction is simple and widely used.

（四）按设防材料的品种分类

(four) classification of varieties according to fortified materials

卷材防水、涂膜防水、密封材料防水、混凝土防水、粉状憎水材料、渗透剂防水。

Waterproofing membrane, waterproof coating, waterproof of sealing material, concrete waterproof, powdery water repellent material and permeable agent.

二、防水工程的基本内容

Two. The basic contents of waterproof Engineering

1、建筑物

1. Buildings

（1）屋面工程；防水混凝土自防水结构，找平层防水、卷材防水层、涂膜防水层、刚性防水层防水，接缝密封防水、瓦材防水，天沟防水，穿管防水，排水口防水，分隔缝防水，整体屋面防水。

(1) the roof waterproof engineering; concrete self waterproof structure, leveling layer waterproof, waterproof layer, waterproof layer, waterproof layer of waterproof, waterproof, tile seam sealing material waterproof, waterproof gutter, pipe drain waterproof, waterproof, waterproof roofing overall dividing seam.

（2）墙体防水；外墙整体防水，女儿墙墙体防水，厕浴间墙面，变形缝，大板、轻板及挂平板、竖缝防水，女儿墙墙面防水。

(2) waterproof wall; exterior wall waterproof, parapet wall waterproof, toilet wall, deformation crack, plate, light plate and hanging plate, vertical joints waterproof, parapet wall waterproofing.

（3）楼地面防水；楼面防水，地面防潮，厕浴间楼面，踢脚线防水，阳台楼面防水，楼面穿越管道。

(3) the floor of the building is waterproof; the floor is waterproof, the floor is moisture-proof, the floor of the toilet, the foot line is waterproof, the balcony floor is waterproof, and the floor passes through the pipe.

（4）门窗及玻璃幕墙防水；框缝防水，框扇缝隙防水，窗台防水，玻璃镶嵌部位防水。

(4) doors and windows and glass curtain wall waterproof; frame seam waterproof, frame fan waterproofing, windowsill waterproof, glass mosaic part waterproof.

（5）地下室、水泵房、游泳池、电梯井坑等防水。

(5) waterproof in basement, water pump room, swimming pool, elevator pit and so on.

2、构筑物

2. Structure

（1）水塔、水箱、水池、渡槽、闸门、排水管道防水。

(1) waterproofing of water tower, water tank, pool, aqueduct, gate and drainage pipe.

（2）地铁防水；

(2) the subway is waterproof;

（3）隧道、坑道防排水；

(3) tunnel and tunnel to prevent drainage;

（4）特殊施工法的结构防水

(4) structural waterproof of special construction method

三、防水等级

Three. Waterproof grade

防水等级是根据建筑物的性质、重要程度、使用功能要求、建筑物结构特点、防水层耐用年限确定屋面防水等级分为：5年、10年、15年、25年。

The waterproofing grade is determined according to the nature of the building, the importance, the functional requirements, the structural characteristics of the building, and the life span of the waterproof layer. The roof waterproofing grades can be divided into 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 25 years.

四、屋面防水层的施工

Four, construction of roofing waterproof layer

（一）卷材防水屋面施工

(1) construction of waterproofing roofing

分为：沥青卷材、高聚物改性沥青卷材、合成高分子卷材；

It is divided into: Bituminous roll, polymer modified bitumen roll, synthetic polymer material;

1、卷材铺贴的一般工艺要求

1. General technical requirements for rolling stock

（1）工艺流程

(1) process flow

基层表面清理、修整→ 喷、涂基层处理剂→节点附加增强处理→ 定位、弹线、试铺→铺贴卷材→ 收头处理、节点密封→ 清理、检查、整修→ 保护层施工

The surface of the base should be cleaned, trimmed, then sprayed, coated with base treatment agent, then added to the node to strengthen the treatment, to locate, to play the line, to test the pavement, to lay up the coil to receive the head, to seal the node, to clean up, to inspect, to renovate, to protect the layer.

（2）铺贴方法

(2) paving method

一般用满粘法、条粘法、空铺法；根据屋面基层的结构类型、干湿程度的实际情况来确定。

In general, full stick method, sticky method and empty paving method are used to determine the structure type of the roof base and the actual condition of dry and wet degree.

（3）铺贴方向

(3) the direction of paving

1）当屋面坡度小于3%时，宜平行于屋脊铺贴；

1) when the slope of the roof is less than 3%, it should be parallel to the roof of the roof.

2）当屋面坡度在3%～15%之间，卷材可平行或垂直于屋脊铺贴，优先选择平行屋脊铺贴。

2) when the slope of the roof is between 3% and 15%, the rolling materials can be placed parallel or perpendicular to the ridge of the roof, and the parallel ridge is preferred.

3）当屋面坡度大于15%或受震动时，沥青油毡应垂直于屋脊方向铺贴，以免发生流淌而下滑；高聚物改性沥青和合成高分子卷材，即可平行、也可垂直屋脊铺贴，但上下卷材不得互相垂直。

3) when the roof slope is greater than 15% or subjected to vibration, asphalt linoleum should be paved vertically in the direction of the roof so as to avoid falling down. Polymer modified asphalt and synthetic polymer coil can be paved parallel or vertically, but the upper and lower rolls should not be perpendicular to each other.

4）当屋面坡度大于25%时，一般不宜使用卷材作防水层。

4) when the slope of the roof is more than 25%, it is not suitable to use rolling material as a water proof layer.

5）当采用多叠层卷材组成防水层时，上下层卷材不得互相垂直铺贴。

5) when a multi layer coil is used to make a waterproof layer, the upper and lower rolls can not be put to each other vertically.

（4）搭接方法和铺贴顺序

(4) overlapping method and paving order

根据屋面坡度、年最大频率风向、卷材的性质决定。

According to the slope of the roof, the annual maximum frequency wind direction, the nature of the rolling material.

1）当卷材平行于屋脊铺贴时，应从排水口、檐口、天沟等屋面标高最低处向上铺贴至标高最高处。

1) when the coil is parallel to the roof tiles, should drain gutter roof, cornice, the lowest elevation to the highest elevation covered to.

2）、屋面特殊部位的铺贴

2), the paving of the special part of the roof

在铺设屋面防水卷材防水层前，应对干燥、平整、干净、并已涂刷基层处理剂的各细部构造、节点防水部位（如檐口、天沟、出水口、交接根部、阴阳角等处）用附加卷材或防水材料、密封材料作附加增强处理，然后才能铺贴防水层，防水层铺设至末尾还要做收头处理。

In the laying of roofing waterproof layer, with dry, smooth, clean, and has walls primer the detail structure, node waterproof parts (such as eaves gutter, and a water outlet, transfer of root, yin and yang angle etc.) for additional enhancement with additional material or waterproof materials, sealing materials, and then paving waterproof layer, waterproof layer to do at the end of laying head processing.

（二）屋面涂膜防水的施工

(two) waterproof construction of roofing film

是用防水涂料，涂于屋面基层，形成一层防水膜。涂膜防水层不得有渗漏或积水现象。

It is a waterproof coating applied to the base of the roof to form a layer of waterproof membrane. The film waterproof layer should not have leakage or water accumulation.

1、适用范围

1. Scope of application

适于范围：屋面防水等级为Ⅲ、Ⅳ的工业与民用建筑。

Suitable range: Industrial and civil buildings of roof waterproof grade III and IV.

涂膜防水既可单独做成一道设防，又可作Ⅰ、Ⅱ级屋面多道设防中的一道防水层。

The waterproof coating can be used as a separate fortification and can be used as a waterproof layer in the multiple fortification of class I and II roofs.

2、涂层厚度

2. Coating thickness

根据防水等级、材料的不同而不同。

According to the different waterproof grade and material, it is different.

3、涂膜防水对屋面板、找平层的要求

3. The requirements of the film waterproof to the roof and the leveling layer

（1）对屋面板的要求

(1) requirements for the roof panel

屋面板宜采用整体现浇混凝土；如采用楼板，板缝内应浇注等级不小于C20的细石混凝土，并掺入微膨剂，同时板面宜用细石混凝土找平。

The roof panel should adopt the cast-in-place concrete; such as the floor, fine stone concrete slab casting internal grade of not less than C20, and mix micro expansion agent, at the same time the board is suitable for fine stone concrete leveling.